- Volume 170 (2020)
- Vol. 170 (2020)
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- Issue 2
- No. 2
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- Pages 445 - 466
- pp. 445 - 466
Marco Polo in “Mangi”: Kuizhou, Fuling, Houguan, and the Pontoon Bridge at Fuzhou
Pages 445 - 466
DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.170.2.0445
Some of Marco Polo's more problematic toponyms in southern China are discussed, particularly his “Cuigui” or “Cuigiu”, “Sinugul” (with many variants), and “Uuguen”. It is pointed out that Marco was in southern China within a few years of the completion of the Mongol conquest of the southern Song Empire and that many of his south Chinese toponyms reflect Song usage. The influence of Chinese dialect pronunciations on Marco Polo's transcriptions of toponyms is examined. Finally, it is shown that his description of a pontoon bridge at Fuzhou in modern Fujian province is accurate and cannot relate to a period much later than about 1310. This bridge is described only in the Zelada manuscript. This is therefore strong evidence that at least some of the additional material found only in this manuscript of Marco Polo's text dates from his lifetime and is likely to have originated from him.
1 Manuscripts and editions of Marco Polo's book
2 BNF MS fr. 1116 = Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département de Manuscrits, français 1116, Livre qui est appelé le Divisiment dou monde, de Marc Pol (Manuscript F).
3 BNF MS fr. 2810 = Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département de Manuscrits, français 2810, Livre des merveilles, Marco Polo, etc. (Manuscript FA2).
4 BNF MS fr. 5631 = Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département de Manuscrits, français 5631, Les voyages de Marco Polo (Manuscript FA1).
5 BNF MS it. 434 = Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département de Manuscrits, italien 434, Marco Polo, Il Milione (Manuscript TA3).
6 MP/Barbieri = Marco Polo: Milione, Redazione Latina del manoscritto Z, Versione Italiana a fronte. Ed. A. Barbieri. Parma 2008 (2nd ed.).
7 MP/Barbieri-Andreose = Marco Polo: Il “Milione” veneto, ms. CM 211 della Biblioteca Civica de Padova. Ed. A. Barbieri/A. Andreose. Venezia 1999 (Manuscript VA3).
8 MP/Benedetto = Marco Polo: Il Milione, prima edizione integrale. Ed. L.F. Benedetto. Firenze 1928.
9 MP/Blanchard-Quereuil = Marco Polo: Le devisement du monde. Édition critique publiée sous la direction de P. Ménard. Vol. 4: Voyages à travers la Chine. Ed. J. Blanchard/M. Quereuil. Genève 2005.
10 MP/Cliff = Marco Polo: The Travels. Transl. N. Cliff. London 2015.
11 MP/Kinoshita = Marco Polo: The Description of the World. Transl. S. Kinoshita. Indianapolis 2016.
12 MP/Latham = Marco Polo: The Travels. Transl. R. Latham. London 1958.
13 MP/Marsden = Marco Polo: The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian, in the thirteenth century. … translated from the Italian, with notes, by W. Marsden, FRS, &c. London 1818.
14 MP/Moule-Pelliot = A.C. Moule/P Pelliot: Marco Polo: the Description of the World. 2 vols. London 1938.
15 MP/Murray = H. Murray: The Travels of Marco Polo, greatly amended and enlarged from valuable early manuscripts … with copious notes … Edinburgh 1844 (2nd ed.).
16 MP/Pipino = Marka Pavlova z Benátek: Milion. Transl. J. V. Prášek. Prague 1902.
17 MP/Ramusio = Marco Polo: “L'Historia delle cose de Tartari, & diversi fatti de'loro Imperatori.” In: G.-B. Ramusio (ed.): Navigationi et Viaggi. Vol. 2. Venice 1559, pp. 1-60.
18 MP/Soc. de Géog. = Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires publié par la Société de Géographie. Vol. 1: Voyages de Marco Polo. Paris 1824.
19 MP/Yule = The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Transl. and ed. H. Yule. London 1871.
20 MP/Yule-Cordier = The Travels of Marco Polo: the Complete Yule-Cordier Edition. 3 vols bound as 2, including the unabridged third edition (1903) of Henry Yule's annotated translation, as revised by Henri Cordier; together with Cordier's later volume of notes and addenda (1920). New York 1993.
21 Pre-modern Chinese sources
22 BMTZ = Huang Zhongzhao 黄仲昭 (1491): Ba Min tong zhi 八閩通志. 2 vols. Fuzhou 2006.
23 BMTZ2 = Huang Zhongzhao 黄仲昭 (1491): Ba Min tong zhi 八閩通志 [facsimile of the 1491 edition]. In: Beijing tushuguan guji zhenben congkan 北京圖書館古 籍珍本叢刊. Vols 33-34. Beijing 2000.
24 CSSZ = Liang Kejia 梁克家 (c. 1180): Chunxi San shan zhi 淳熙三山志. In: SYZDC, vols. 5-7.
25 FFZ = Pan Yilong 潘頤龍 (ed.) (1596): Fuzhoufu zhi 福州府志. In: Yuwai Hanji zhenben wenku 域外漢籍珍本文庫. Collection 1 第1輯, Shi bu 史部. Vols. 3-4. Beijing 2008.
26 FNSB = Ma Zuchang 馬祖常 (c. 1325): “Chi ci Hong Ji Da Xing Chan Shi chuangzao Fuzhou Nantai shi qiao bei ming 敕賜弘濟大行襌師創造福州南臺石橋碑銘.” In: QYW 32, pp. 471-472.
27 FYSL = Zhu Mu 祝穆 (c. 1267): Fangyu shenglan 方輿勝覽. Ed. Zhu Zhu 祝洙. 3 vols. Beijing 2003.
28 GXZS = Zhou 周密 (c. 1291): Guixin za shi 癸辛雑識. Beijing 1988.
29 HJQJ = Huang Jin 黄溍 (2008): Huang Jin quan ji 黄溍全集. Ed. Wang Ting 王頲. 2 vols. Tianjin.
30 HXTZ = Zheng Zugeng 鄭祖庚 et al. (1903): Houguan xian xiang tu zhi 侯官縣郷土志. Fuzhou 2001.
31 HZTJ = Huang Jin 黄溍 (c. 1320): “Huzhou lu zongguanfu timing ji 湖州路總管府題名記.” In: QYW 29, p. 244.
32 JTS = Liu Xu 劉昫 et al. (945): Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書. 16 vols. Beijing 1975.
33 QSW 84 = Zeng Zaozhuang 曾棗莊 /Liu Lin 劉琳 (eds.): Quan Song wen 全宋文. Vol. 84. Shanghai 2006.
34 QYW 19 = Li Xiusheng 李修生 (ed.): Quan Yuan wen 全元文, vol. 19. Nanjing 2001.
35 QYW 29 = Li Xiusheng 李修生 (ed.): Quan Yuan wen 全元文, vol. 29. Nanjing 2004.
36 QYW 32 = Li Xiusheng 李修生 (ed.): Quan Yuan wen 全元文, vol. 32. Nanjing 2004.
37 SYZDC = Wang Xiaobo 王曉波 et al. (eds): Song Yuan zhenxi difangzhi congkan 宋元珍稀地方志叢刊. 8 vols. Chengdu 2007.
38 WSQT = Zhao Mengfu 趙孟頫 (c. 1310): “Wuxing shanshui qingyuan tu ji 吳興山水清遠圖記.” In: QYW 19, pp. 183-184.
39 WXF = Zhao Mengfu 趙孟頫 (c. 1310): “Wuxing fu 吳興賦.” In: QYW 19, pp. 2-4.
40 YHFS = Liu Yingli 劉應李 (1307): Da Yuan hunyi fangyu shenglan 大元混一方輿勝覽. Rev. Zhan Youliang 詹友諒, ed. Guo Shengbo 郭聲波. 2 vols. Chengdu 2003.
41 YJTZ = Li Jifu 李吉甫 (813): Yuanhe junxian tuzhi 元和郡縣圖志. 2 vols. Beijing 1983.
42 YJYZ = Wang Cun 王存 (1080): Yuanfeng jiu yu zhi 元豊九域志. Ed. Wang Wenchu 王文楚/Wei Songshan 魏嵩山. 2 vols. Beijing 1984.
43 YS = Song Lian 宋濂 et al. (eds.) (c. 1370): Yuan shi 元史. 15 vols. Beijing 1976.
44 ZYYY = Zhou Deqing 周德清 (1324): Zhongyuan yinyun 中原音韵. Haining 海寜 1926.
