Weiter zum Inhalt

Sāyaṇa oder Mādhava?. Verfasserschaft und Reihenfolge der Saṃhitā-Kommentare aus Vijayanagara


Seiten 383 - 414

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.160.2.0383




This paper aims to clarify the identity of the authorship of the commentaries on the four Veda-Saṃhitās and to establish their relative chronology. The commentaries under discussion were composed in Vijayanagara under Saṅgama rule and are traditionally ascribed to a certain Sāyaṇa. In this connection, three different categories of transmission of authorship can be discerned: (1) name and personal details given by the author himself in the introductory parts of his texts, (2) names appearing in the colophons, (3) legends. Although there are significant contradictions, previous scholarship has drawn no distinction at all between these categories and their respective cogency. The method applied here is, first, to keep these three categories and their conclusiveness strictly apart, and, second, to build on the mutual cross-references the author has worked into quite a number of other scholarly treatises from his pen. He demonstrably developed a systematically bifurcated conception of Smārta- and Śrauta-Dharmas, by which the sequence of his works was governed. From a comparative investigation of all these works it emerges that Sāyaṇa cannot have authored the Ṛgveda- and the Yajurveda-Bhāṣyas, and that there is hardly any likelihood that he might have composed the Sāmaveda-Bhāṣya. An analysis of the evidence furnishes Mādhava as the author of the following works composed in exactly the sequence as given below:

I. Smārtadharma (‘sarvārtham’ ∼ for everybody's sake)

1) Purāṇasāra; 2) Parāśarasmṛti-Vyākhyā

II. Śrautadharma (‘dvijārtham’ ∼ for the sake of the Brahmins):

3) Jaiminīyanyāyamālā/-Vistara (Pūrvamīmāṃsā); 4) Vaiyāsakanyāyamālā (Uttaramīmāṃsā); 5) Yajurveda-Bhāṣya; 6) Ṛgveda-Bhāṣya; 7) Sāmaveda-Bhāṣya (authorship unsettled)

Halle (Saale)

1 ĀB = (Ārṣeyabrāhmaṇa). Sāmavedīyānubrāhmaṇaviśeṣasya Ārṣeyabrāhmaṇasya SāyaṇīyaBhāṣyasyāyaṃ mukhabandhaḥ. Ed. Satyavrata Bhaṭṭācārya. Kalakatta [um 1891].

2 ĀB Ārṣeyabrāhmaṇa with Vedārthaprakāśa of Sāyaṇa. Ed. Bellikoth Ramachandra Sharma. Tirupati 1984.

3 AiĀ = Aitareyāraṇyaka with the Commentary of Sāyaṇa. Crit. ed. by Munishwar Ded. Hoshiarpur 1992 (Vishveshvaranand Indological Series 82).

4 AiBr = The Aitareya Brāhmaṇa of the Ṛgveda. With the comm. Vedārtha-Prakāśa of Sāyaṇācārya. Ed. & transl. by Sudhakar Malaviya. Varanasi 1983 (Prāchyabhāratī Series 15).

5 Andree, Christian 2007: Rudolf Virchow. Sämtliche Werke. Bd 61, Abt. IV. Briefe. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Theodor Goldstücker und Rudolf Virchow 1848 bis 1878. Hildesheim.

6 AVBh = Atharvaveda (Śaunaka). With the Pada-pāṭha and Sāyaṇācārya's Commentary. Ed. […] by Vishva Bandhu. Part I. (V. I. Ser. 13.) Hoshiarpur 1960, 21990.

7 AVBh[B] = Atharvavedasamhitā with the Commentary of Sāyaṇāchārya. Ed. by Shankar Pāndurang Pandit. Vol. 1. Bombay 1895.

8 Banerjee, M. 1991: „On Some Copyists of Sanskrit Manuscripts.‟ In: JASB 33, 3–4, S. 1–14.

9 Bendall, C. 1890: „[On Mādhava and Sāyaṇa by Peterson 1890a].‟ In: JRAS 1890, S. 491–493.

10 Böhtlingk, O. 1891: F. Max Müller als Mythendichter. St.-Petersburg.

11 Burnell, A. C. 1873: The Vamçabrāhmaṇa (being the eighth Brāhmaṇa) of the Sāma Veda. Ed. together with the commentary of Sāyaṇa, a preface and index of words. Mangalore.

12 Colebrooke, H. T. 1837: Miscellaneous Essays. Vol. 1. 2. London.

13 D'Intino, S. 2008: „Meaningful Mantras. The Introductory Portion of the Rgvedabhāṣya by Skandasvāmin.‟ In: Walter Slaje (Hrsg.): Śāstrārambha. Inquiries into the Preamble in Sanskrit. Preface by Edwin Gerow. Wiesbaden, S. 149–170 (AKM 62).

14 Einicke, K. 2009: Korrektur, Differenzierung und Abkürzung in indischen Inschriften und Handschriften. Wiesbaden (AKM 68).

15 Emeneau, M. B./K. Kushalappa Gowda 1974: „The Etymology of the Name Sāyaṇa.‟ In: JAOS 94, 2, S. 210–212.

16 Filliozat, V. 1999: Vijayanagar, as seen by Dorningos Paes and Fernao Nuniz … 1st rev. ed. New Delhi.

17 Galewicz, C. 2004: „Changing Canons: What did Sāyaṇa think he commented upon?‟ In: Piotr Balcerowicz/Marek Mejor (Hrsg.): Essays in Indian Philosophy, Religion and Literature. Delhi, S. 35–44.

18 Gonda, J. 1975: Vedic Literature (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas). Wiesbaden (A History of Indian Literature 1,1).

19 Hacker, P. 1947: „Śaṇkarācārya and Śaṅkarabhagavatpāda. Preliminary Remarks Concerning the Authorship Problem.‟ In: New Indian Antiquary 9 (1947), S. 175–186 [= Kl. Schr., hrsg. v. L. Schmithausen, S. 41–58).

20 Hacker, P. 1964: „Zur Geschichte und Beurteilung des Hinduismus. Kritik einiger verbreiteter Ansichten.‟ In: OLZ 59, 5/6, Sp. 231–245 [= Kl. Schr., hrsg. v. L. Schmithausen, S. 476–483].

21 Hacker, P. 1965: „Relations of Early Advaitins to Vaiṣṇavism.‟ In: WZKSO 9 (1965), S. 147–154 [= Kl. Schr., hrsg. v. L. Schmithausen, S. 205–212; = Philology and Confrontation. Paul Hacker on traditional and modern Vedānta. Ed. by Wilhelm Halbfass. Albany 1995, S. 33–39].

22 HDhŚ = Pandurang Vaman Kane: History of Dharmaśāstra. Vol. 1 (rev. and enlarged), Pt 2. Poona 1975 (Government Oriental Series Class B, 6).

23 JNM = (Mādhava, Jaiminīyanyāyamālā) in: JNMV.

24 JNMV(G) = (Mādhava, Jaiminīyanyāyamālāvistara). The Jaiminīya-Nyāya-Mālā-Vistara of Mādhavāchārya. Edited for the Sanskrit Text Society by the late Theodor Goldstücker and completed by Edward B. Cowell. Reprint of the edition 1878. Osnabrück 1970.

25 JNMV = (Mādhava, Jaiminīyanyāyamālāvistara). The Jaiminīya Nyāyamālā of Mādhavāchārya with his own commentary the Nyāyamālāvistara. (Pt. 1, chapter 1–3). Ed. … by A. R. Śāstry and P. Śāstry. Benares 1937 (KSS 126. Mīmāmsa Section 7).

26 Klemm, K. 1896: „Mādhava, sein Lehrer und seine Werke.‟ In: [Georg Bühler (Hrsg.)]: Gurupūjākaumudī: Festgabe zum fünfzigjährigen Doctorjubiläum Albrecht Weber dargebracht von seinen Freunden und Schülern. Leipzig, S. 41–47.

27 Kripacharyulu, M. 1986: Sāyaṇa and Mādhava-Vidyāraṇya: a study of their lives and letters. Guntur (Karnatak Univ., Diss., 1978).

28 Kuhn, A. 1844: Besprechung von Rosen 1838. In: Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Kritik 17, S. 130–136.

29 Kulke, H. 1979: „Geschichtsschreibung und Geschichtsbild im hinduistischen Mittelalter.‟ In: Saeculum 30, S. 100–112 [vgl. Kulke 2001].

30 Kulke, H. 1985: „Mahārājas, mahants and historians. Reflections on the historiography of Early Vijayanagara and Sringeri.‟ In: Anna Libera Dallapiccola et al. (Hrsg.): Vijayanagara – City and Empire. New currents of research. Stuttgart, S. 120–137 (Beiträge zur Südasienforschung. Südasien-Institut Universität Heidelberg 100).

31 Kulke, H. 2001: „Historiography in Early Medieval India.‟ In: Georg Berkemer et al. (Hrsg.): Explorations in the History of South Asia. Essays in Honour of Dietmar Rothermund. New Delhi, S. 71–83 [vgl. Kulke 1979].

32 Kunhan Raja, C. (Hrsg.) 1932: The Ṛgvedānukramaṇī of Mādhavabhaṭṭa (Son of Veṅkaṭārya). Madras (Madras University Sanskrit Ser. 2).

33 Kunhan Raja, C. (Hrsg.) 1935: The ṚgvedaBhāṣya of Skandasvāmin (First Aṣṭaka). Madras (Madras University Sanskrit Ser. 2).

34 Mahadevan, T. M. P. 1957: The Philosophy of Advaita. With special reference to Bhāratītīrtha-Vidyāraṇya. Rev. ed. Madras.

35 Mayrhofer, M. 1971: „Zum Namen Sāyaṇa.‟ In: Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl. 108, 3, S. 79–83.

36 Minkowski, Chr. 2008: „Why Should We Read the Maṅgala Verses?‟ In: Walter Slaje (Hrsg.): Śāstrārambha. Inquiries into the Preamble in Sanskrit. Preface by Edwin Gerow. Wiesbaden, S. 1–24. (AKM 62).

37 Müller, F. M. 1849: Rig-Veda-Sanhita, the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmans; together with the Commentary of Sayanacharya. Vol. 1. London 21890.

38 Müller, F. M. 1874: Rig-Veda-Sanhita, the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmanas; together with the Commentary of Sayanacharya. Vol. 6. [2. Aufl. Vol. 4. London 1892].

39 Müller, F. M. 1880: Besprechung von Pandit 1880. In: Indian Antiquary IX, S. 202–203.

40 Müller, F. M. 1884: Biographical Essays. London.

41 Oertel, H. 1930: Zur indischen Apologetik. Stuttgart (Beiträge zur indischen Sprachwissenschaft und Religionsgeschichte 5).

42 Pandit, Shankar Pandurang 1880: „Discovery of Sāyaṇa's Commentary on the Atharva-Veda.‟ In: IA IX, S. 199–202.

43 Peterson, P. 1890a: „Mādhava and Sāyaṇa.‟ In: JRAS 1890, S. 490–491.

44 Peterson, P. 1890b: Sāyaṇa's Preface to the Ṛgveda-Bhāṣya. English translation. Reprint.

45 Poona 1974 (Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. Post-Graduate and Research Department Ser. 9).

46 Pischel, R./K. F. Geldner 1889: Vedische Studien. Bd 1. Stuttgart.

47 PS = Purāṇasāra of Śri Vidyāraṇya; critically edited by H. Shankaraganapathy Phatak. Mysore 1999 (Oriental Research Institute Ser. 189).

48 PSV = The Parāśara Dharma Saṃhitā or Parāśara Smṛiti with the commentary of Sāyaṇa Mādhavāchārya. Ed. … by Vāman Śāstri Islāmapurkar. Vol. 1, 1. Bombay 1893 (Bombay Sanskrit Ser. 47).

49 PVB = (Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa). The Tāṇḍyamahābrāhmaṇa. With the commentary of Sāyaṇācārya. Ed. by A. C. Vedantavagisha. Nachdr. Delhi 1989.

50 PVB Pañcaviṃśa-Brāhmaṇa with the Commentary of Sāyaṇa. Facsimile reproduction of a Devanāgarī manuscript. Reproduced by Lokesh Chandra. New Delhi 1981 (Śata-Piṭaka Series 270).

51 Rao, R. Rama 1934: „Identity of Vidyāraṇya and Mādhvācārya.‟ In: IHQ 10, S. 801–810.

52 Rau, W. 1960: „Bemerkungen zu Śaṅkaras Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣya.‟ In: Paideuma 7, S. 293–299.

53 Rocher, L. 2005: Besprechung von Galewicz 2004. In: JAOS 125, 4, S. 569f.

54 Rocher, R. 2007: „Henry Thomas Colebrooke and the marginalization of Indian pandits.‟ In: B. Kellner et al. (Hrsg.): Pramāṇakīrtiḥ. Papers Dedicated to Ernst Steinkellner on the Occasion of his 70th birthday. Part 2. Wien, S. 735–756 (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 70, 2).

55 Rosen, F. 1830: Rig-Vedae Specimen. Ed. Fridericus Rosen. Londini.

56 Rosen, F. 1838 Fridericus Rosen: Rigveda-Sanhita, Liber primus, Sanskritè et latinè. London.

57 ṚVBh = Rig-Veda-Sanhita, the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmans; together with the Commentary of Sayanacharya. Ed. by Max Müller. Vol. I. London 1849.

58 ṚVBh[P] = Ṛgveda-Saṃhitā with the Commentary of Sāyaṇācārya. 4. ed. Vol. 1. Poona 1995.

59 Schmiedchen, A. 2007: „Epigraphical Evidence for the History of Atharvavedic Brahmins.‟ In: Arlo Griffiths/Annette Schmiedchen (Hrsg.): The Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā. Historical and Philological Papers on a Vedic Tradition. Aachen, S. 355–384 (Geisteskultur Indiens. Texte und Studien 11 = Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis).

60 SDS = Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha of Sāyaṇa-Mādhava. Ed. with an original comm. in Sanskrit by Vasudev Shastri Abhyankar. 3. ed. … by T.G. Mainkar. Poona 1978 (Government Oriental Series. A, 1).

61 Sharma, B.R. (Hrsg.) 2000–2001 s. SVBh.

62 Slaje, W. 2007: „Yājñavalkya-brāhmaṇas and the Early Mīmāṃsā.‟ In: J. Bronkhorst (Hrsg.): Mmāṃsā and Vedānta. Interaction and Continuity. Delhi, S. 115–158.

63 ŚPB(M) = The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa. According to the Mādhyandina Recension with the Vedaprakāśa Bhāṣya of Sāyaṇācārya. Supplemented by the comm. of Harisvāmin. Ed. by Śrīdhara Śarmā. Vol. I. Delhi 1987.

64 Sūryakānta 1950: „Was the Commentator of the AV identical with Sāyaṇa of the RV?‟ In: Bhāratīya Vidyā 11, S. 75–84.

65 SVBh = SāmavedaSaṃhitā. … bhagavatsāyaṇācāryyaviracitaBhāṣyasahitaḥ. … śrīSatyavrataSāmaśramibhaṭṭācāryyeṇa … śodhitaś ca. Vol. I. Calcutta 1871. Reprint. New Delhi 1983 (Bibliotheca Indica. New Ser. 218).

66 SVBh Sāmaveda Samhitā of the Kauthuma School with Padapāṭha and the commentaries of Mādhava, Bharatasvāmin and Sāyaṇa. Ed. with crit. notes and an introduction by B. R. Sharma. Vol.1.2. Cambridge/Mass. 2000–2001.

67 Tubb, G. A. 2008: „Philosophical Beginnings in Sanskrit Treatises on Poetics.‟ In: Walter Slaje (Hrsg.): Śāstrārambha. Inquiries into the Preamble in Sanskrit. Preface by Edwin Gerow. Wiesbaden (AKM 62), S. 171–182.

68 Veerabhadraswamy, M. R. 1978: „Identity of the Commentator of the Atharvaveda, with Sāyaṇa, the Commentator of the Ṛgveda.‟ In: Journal of the Karnatak University XXII (1978), S. 39–46.

69 VNM = Vaiyāsakanyāyamālā, arthāt Vedāntādhikaranānyāyamālā. Ed. V.G. Apte. 3. ankanāvṛttiḥ. Puṇākhyapattane 1925 (Ānandāśramasaṃskṛtagranthāvaliḥ 23).

70 Whitney, W. D. 1893: „The Native Commentary to the Atharva-Veda.‟ In: Festgruß an Rudolf von Roth zum Doktor-Jubiläum, 24. August 1893, von seinen Freunden und Schülern. Stuttgart, S. 89–96.

71 YVBh = Taittirīya Saṃhitā. With the Padapāṭha and the commentaries of Bhaṭṭa Bhāskara Miśra and Sāyaṇācārya. Vol. 1. Ed. by N. S. Sontakke, T. N. Dharmadhikari. Poona 1970.

72 YV(K)Bh = [Yajurveda-]Kāṇva Saṃhitā with the Padapāṭha and the comm. of Sāyaṇācārya and Ānandabodha. Vol. I. Ed. by B. R. Sharma. Pune 1988 (Vaidika Saṃśodhana Maṇḍala 37).

Empfehlen


Export Citation