Weiter zum Inhalt

The Taoist Canon and the Representation of Taoist Exorcist Traditions


Seiten 789 - 810

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.164.3.0789




Summary

The Taoist Canon of the Ming-period contains only scattered individual documentation of Taoist exorcist rituals. Many ritual instructions were assembled in collections of texts that mostly date to the Yüan- and Ming-periods. We know that exorcist forms of ritual expression historically precede the Sung- and T'ang-periods. Since the Sung-period (11th/12th ct.) the terms Thunder Magic rituals (lei-fa/wu-lei fa 雷法/五雷法) summarize such exorcist rituals. The article sets out to explain the reasons for the uneven reception of such ritual documentation in the Canon that does not hold comparable instructions and documentation for the earlier periods of Taoist history. The very nature of the Canon throughout the ages as a monument of government sponsorship and the specific understanding of the nature of Taoist texts, all in combination with official standards explains the early suppression of such documentation in which the Taoists have a share. They promoted officially an exclusive understanding of the teaching of the scriptures (ching-chiao 經 教).

Berlin

1 Bokenkamp, S. 1979: Early Taoist Scriptures. Berkeley.

2 The Cambridge History of China. Volume 8. The Ming Dynasty 1368–1644. Part 2. Cambridge 1998.

3 Chan, A. K. L. 1991: Two Visions of the Way, a Study of the Wang Pi and Ho-shang Kung Commentaries on the Lao-tzu. New York.

4 Ch'en Kuo-fu 1975: Tao-tsang yüan-liu k'ao. Repr. Taipei.

5 Ching-pu tsung-hsü. Ed. Chung-hua shu-chü. Peking 1981.

6 Combined Indices to the Authors and Titles of Books in Two Collections of Taoist Literature. Repr. Taipei 1966 (Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series 25).

7 Han-shu, i-wen chih. Ed. Chung-hua shu-chü. Peking 1975.

8 Kaderas, Ch. 1998: Die Leishu der imperialen Bibliothek des Kaisers Qianlong. Wiesbaden (AAS 4).

9 Kirkland, R. 2004: Taoism, the enduring tradition. New York.

10 Lagerwey, J. 1981: Wu-shang pi-yao, somme taoiste du VIe siècle. Paris.

11 Lei Wen 2009: “T'ang Ch'ang-an T'ai-ch'ing kuan yü ‘I-ch'ieh tao-ching yin-i’ ti pien-ts'uan.” In: T'ang yen-chiu 15, pp. 199–226.

12 Liu Yi 2011: “Hua-hu ching” (Chin.). In: Scriptures and History, Essays on Dunhuang Daoist Scriptures. Peking, pp. 1–116.

13 Luo Wei-kuo 羅偉國 2001: Fo-tsang yü Tao-tsang 佛藏與道藏. Shang-hai.

14 Ming-shih. Ed. Chung-hua shu-chü. Peking 1984.

15 Palumbo, A. 2001: La “Scrittura di Laozi che converte i barbari”. Sincretismo e conflitto ideologico in un ciclo di letteratura religiosa della Cina medieval. Napoli.

16 Reiter, F. C.: “Some Observations Concerning Taoist Foundations in Traditional China.” In: ZDMG 133 (1983), pp. 363–376.

17 Reiter, F. C.: 1984: “The Scripture of the Hidden Contracts (Yin-fu ching): a short survey on facts and findings.” In: Nachrichten der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens 136, pp. 75–83.

18 Reiter, F. C.: 1986: “Die ‚Einundachtzig Bildtexte zu den Inkarnationen und Wirkungen Lao-chün's.’ Dokumente einer tausendjährigen Polemik in China.” In: ZDMG 136, pp. 450–491.

19 Reiter, F. C.: 1988a: “Fan Tsu-yü's (1041–1098) Lectures on T'ang Emperors and their Taoist Inclinations.” In: Oriens 31, pp. 290–313.

20 Reiter, F. C.: 1988b: Grundelemente und Tendenzen des religiösen Taoismus. Das Spannungsverhältnis von Integration und Individualität in seiner Geschichte zur Chin-, Yüan- und frühen Ming-Zeit. Stuttgart (Münchener Ostasiatische Studien 48).

21 Reiter, F. C. 1990: Der Perlenbeutel aus den Drei Höhlen (San-tung chu-nang). Arbeitsmaterialien zum Taoismus der Frühen T'ang-Zeit. Wiesbaden (Asiatische Forschungen 112).

22 Reiter, F. C. 1993: “A Praise of Buddha by the Taoist Patriarch Ch'iu Ch'u-chi (1148–1227) and its Source.” In ZDMG 143, pp. 179–191.

23 Reiter, F. C. 1998a: The Aspirations and Standards of Taoist Priests in the Early T'ang Period. Wiesbaden (AAS 1).

24 Reiter, F. C. 1998b: “The Taoist Canon of 749 A. D. at the ‘Southern Indian Belvedere’ in Jenshou District, Szechwan Province.” In: ZDMG 148, pp. 111–124.

25 Reiter, F. C. 1998c: “Some Notices on the Magic Agent Wang (Wang ling-kuan) at Mt. Ch'ich'ü in tzu-t'ung District, Szechwan Province.” In: ZDMG 148, pp. 323–342.

26 Reiter, F. C. 2002: “A Preliminary Study of the Taoist Wang Wen-ch'ing (1093–1153) and his Thunder Magic (lei-fa).” In: ZDMG 152, pp. 155–184.

27 Reiter, F. C. 2004: “The Discourse on the Thunders 雷說, by the Taoist Wang Wen-ch'ing 王文卿 (1093–1153).” In: JRAS 14/3, pp. 207–229.

28 Reiter, F. C. 2007: Basic Conditions of Taoist Thunder Magic. Wiesbaden (AKM 61).

29 Reiter, F. C. 2011: “Die Kanonisierung der taoistischen Schriften in China: vom religiösen Element zum öffentlichen Monument.” In: M. Deeg et al. (eds.): Kanonisierung und Kanonbildung in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte. Wien (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-Hist. Klasse, Sitzungsberichte 820), pp. 465–489.

30 Reiter, F. C. 2013: Man, Nature and the Infinite: The Scope of Taoist Thunder Magic Rituals. Wiesbaden (AKM 81).

31 Robinet, I. 1984: La révélation du Shangqing dans l'histoire du Taoisme. 3 vols. Paris.

32 Schipper, K. 2004: “General Introduction.” In: Companion. Chicago.

33 Seidel, A. 1969: La divinisation de Lao Tseu dans le taoisme des Han. Paris.

34 Soothill, W. E. 1972: A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms. Repr. Taipei.

35 Ssu-k'u ch'üan-shu tsung-mu. Ed. Chung-hua shu-chü. Peking 1981.

36 Stein, R. A. 1979: “Religious Taoism and Popular Religion from the Second to Seventh Centuries. In: H. Welch / A. Seidel (eds.): Facets of Taoism, essays in Chinese religion. London.

37 Sui-shu 隋書. Ed. Chung-hua shu-chü. Peking 1973.

38 van der Loon, P. 1984: Taoist Books in the Libraries of the Sung Period, a critical study and index. Oxford.

Empfehlen


Export Citation